Vatengesi vezvinodhaka vanotamba mitambo yekuhwanda nevanorinda pamhenderekedzo yegungwa nevamwe vanochengetedza mugungwa.Mukuru wemauto emugungwa wekuMexico, Ruben Navarrete, anogara kumadokero kwedunhu reMichoacán, akaudza TV News muna Mbudzi wapfuura kuti avo vanoita basa remugungwa vanogona kungogumiswa nechinhu chimwe chete: fungidziro yavo..Iyo ichangoburwa yakatevedzana yekubatwa yakaratidza pfungwa yake, nekuti vatengesi vari kuwedzera kugadzira, uye vane nzvimbo dzakavanzwa pamusoro nepasi pedhisiki."InSight Mhosva" inotsvaga dzimwe dzedzinonyanya kufarirwa uye dzekugadzira nzira dzekuvanda pazvikepe mumakore apfuura, uye kuti nzira iyi inoramba ichishanduka sei.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mishonga inochengetwa mukamuri imwe chete sechibatiso, uye vanhu vashomanana vanogona kupinda.Muna 2019, mishumo yenhau yakagovana sei makirogiramu gumi neshanu ecocaine akavanzwa muCaldera yePuerto Rico muDominican Republic uye akavanzwa mukamba yechikepe.
Zvikasadaro, kana ngarava yasvika pakusvika, zvibatiso zvakashandiswa kufambisa kuendesa zvinodhaka.Muna 2017, zviremera zveSpain zvakazivisa kuti inopfuura tani imwe yecocaine yakabatwa pamakungwa makuru kubva mungarava yemureza weVenezuela.Dhipatimendi reMukati meUS rakatsanangudza maonerwo akaitwa mapurisa angangosvika makumi mana aifungira mungarava, akabatanidzwa netambo uye akasungirirwa kune mbiri.
Maererano nemishumo, izvi zvinoitirwa kuti vashandi vakwanise kukanda zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo mugungwa munguva pfupi zvikuru kuti zvisaonekwa.Zviremera zvakaona kuti vaviri vevashandi vacho vakakwanisa sei kuita chinangwa ichi vasati vasangana nevamwe vana vaiva mungarava.
Kushandiswa kwezvibatiso mukutengesa zvinodhaka kwakavakirwa papragmatism uye kazhinji kunokwezva vatengesi vanoronga kupinza zvifambiso zvemugungwa zvisiri pamutemo.
Imwe yenzira dzinowanzoyedzerwa nevatengesi kupinza zvinodhaka mhiri kwemakungwa nekuvanza zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo mumidziyo iyo inowanzowanikwa munzvimbo huru inotakura zvinhu kana muchikamu chengarava.Cocaine inowanzotakurwa kuenda kuAtlantic pachishandiswa tekinoroji ye“gancho ciego” kana kuti “kubvarura misodzi,” zvinoreva kuti vatengesi vanopinda zvisiri pamutemo vanowanzoedza kuviga mishonga yacho mumidziyo inenge yaongororwa nevakuru vezvekubuda kwezvinhu.
Sezvo InSight Crime yakashuma gore rapera, panyaya iyi, kutakurwa kwesimbi yakaraswa kwakakonzera matambudziko makuru kune zviremera, nokuti kana scanner yakavanzwa muhuwandu hwemarara, scanner haigoni kubvisa mushonga muduku.Saizvozvo, zviremera zvakaona zvichinyanya kunetsa kuendesa imbwa dzinofema kuti dzione zvinodhaka mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nekuti mhuka dzinogona kukuvadzwa dzichiita basa radzo.
Zvikasadaro, zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo zvinowanzopinzwa muchikafu.Gumiguru apfuura, Spanish National Guard yakazivisa kuti yakanga yabata inopfuura 1 toni yecocaine pamakungwa makuru.Sekureva kwemishumo, zviremera zvakawana mushonga uyu pakati pemasaga ezviyo muchikepe kubva kuBrazil kuenda kunharaunda yeSpain yeCadiz.
Pakupera kwa2019, zviremera zveItaly zvakange zvawana angangoita matani 1,3 ecocaine mumudziyo wefiriji waiva nemabhanana, wakanga wabva kuSouth America.Pakutanga kwegore rapfuura, mushonga unoputsa rekodhi wakabatwa muchiteshi cheLivorno munyika, uye hafu yetani yemishonga yakawanikwa yakavigwa mumudziyo waiita sekofi kubva kuHonduras.
Nekuona kushandiswa kwakawanda kwehunyanzvi uhu, bazi reUnited Nations rinoona nezvezvinodhaka nekuparwa kwemhosva (UNODC) rakabatana nesangano reWorld Customs Organisation (Customs Organisation) mukuita chirongwa chepasi rose chekudzora midziyo yekurwisa danho iri.
Kare, zvinodhaka zvaitorwa mumidziyo yakaputeni.Kuedza kwakadaro hakuwanzofumurwa uye kunoda huwori hwakakomba muzita remukuru kana vashandi kuti vashande nemazvo.
Maererano nemishumo yenhau, gore rapfuura, mauto emugungwa eUruguay akabata makirogiramu mashanu ecocaine mukamuri repamberi rechikepe chemureza weChinese, chakasvika kuMontevideo kubva kuBrazil.Subrayado akaburitsa pachena kuti kaputeni pachake akashora sei kuwanikwa kwemutoro uyu usiri pamutemo.
Ukuwo, Ultima Hora akataura Hofisi yeGweta Guru kuti muna 2018, zviremera zveParaguay zvakasunga kaputeni wengarava mushure mekupomerwa mhosva yekupinza zvinodhaka muzvinhu zvake.Maererano nemishumo, vakuru vakuru vakabata makirogiramu 150 ecocaine pachiteshi chengarava cheAsuncion munyika, uye mishonga iyi yava kuda kutumirwa kuEurope nezita re“mutengesi ane mukurumbira” anonzi ari kushanda mune rimwe sangano rematsotsi reParaguay.
Imwe nzvimbo inogona kuhwanda yevatengesi vanoda kutengesa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo iri padyo nepane imwe ngarava.Izvi hazviwanzoitika, asi zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinoitika.
Mafaira eEl Tiempo anoratidza kuti anopfuura makumi maviri emakore apfuura, muna 1996, zviremera zvakaona kuti cocaine yakanga yakavigwa mungarava dzePeruvia Armed Forces.Mushure mekubatwa kwakatevedzana kwakafanana, makirogiramu angangoita makumi matatu ecocaine akawanikwa mune imwe kabhini padyo nefunnel yechikepe chemauto chakamira mamaira matatu kubva pachiteshi cheLima kuCallao.Mazuva mashoma gare gare, mamwe makirogiramu makumi maviri neshanu emishonga anonzi akawanikwa mukamba yechikepe chimwe chete.
Tichifunga nezvekubatwa kwakashumwa, nzvimbo yekuhwanda yaisawanzoshandiswa.Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekunetseka kwevapambi kusvika pedyo nefannel yengarava pasina kuwanikwa, uye kuomerwa kwekuviga rimwe boka rezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo pano.
Nekuda kwemabasa ekubira vanhu pasi penzvimbo inopinzwa zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo, vatengesi vanga vachiviga zvinodhaka mumapombi ari padyo nechikepe.
Muna 2019, InSight Mhosva yakashuma kuti network inotungamirwa neColombia yakatumira cocaine kubva kuzviteshi zvePisco neChimbote, Peru, kuenda kuEurope, kunyanya nekuhaya vanhu vakasiyana-siyana kuti vasungirire mapaketi ezvinodhaka akavharirwa mumhepo.Maererano nemishumo, ngarava imwe neimwe yakaverevedza makirogiramu 600 pasina ruzivo rwevashandi.
EFE yakashuma kuti muna September wegore iroro, zviremera zveSpain zvakabata makirogiramu anopfuura 50 ecocaine akavigwa muchikamu chakanyura chengarava yevatengesi pashure pokusvika muGran Canaria kubva kuBrazil.Sekureva kwenhau dzenhau, vakuru vakuru vakatsanangudza kuti mamwe mitoro isiri pamutemo yakawanikwa sei mumhepo inotakurika pazasi pedhisiki.
Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, muna Zvita 2019, mapurisa eEcuadorian akazivisa mawaniro akaitwa makirogiramu anopfuura mazana matatu emakirogiramu ecocaine akavanzwa mumavheti engarava mugungwa.Sekureva kwevakuru, cocaine yakapinzwa muMexico neDominican Republic isati yabatwa.
Kana zvinodhaka zvakavigwa pasi pedhishi, kunyange kana vatsiki vachiwanzodiwa kuti zvive nyore, mavhaira engarava anogona kunge ari imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kushandiswa kuhwanda dzevatengesi.
Matsotsi anga achigara pasi pedeki, achishandisa mugero wemvura kuviga zvinodhaka uye kufambisa kutengeswa.Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yekuhwanda iyi isinganyanyi kuwanda pane zvechinyakare zvinofarirwa, network yakaoma yakashanda nevakawanda kuchengetedza mabhegi ezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo zvakadaro mumavharuvhu akadaro.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu gore rapfuura, vezvenhau vakashuma kuti zviremera zveChile zvakasunga sei 15 vanofungidzirwa kuti matsotsi (kusanganisira zvizvarwa zveChile, Peruvian neVenezuela) nekuda kwekutakura zvinodhaka kubva kuPeru kuenda kuAntofagasta kuchamhembe kwenyika uye guta guru kumadokero., San Diego.Sekureva kwemishumo, sangano iri rakavanza zvinodhaka mukupinda kwechikepe chePeruvia mureza wevatengesi.
Sekureva kwemishumo, nzvimbo yekupinza mvura yengarava yakashandiswa, saka kana ngarava ichipfuura nekuchamhembe kwechiteshi chengarava cheMegillons muChile, mutsigiri anoumba chikamu chetiweki zvisiri pamutemo anogona kubvisa yakavanzwa zvinodhaka pasuru.Nhepfenyuro dzemunharaunda dzakaratidza kuti diver yakasvika pachikepe pachikepe chine motokari yemagetsi, uye motokari yemagetsi yakaita ruzha rushoma kuti usaonekwa.Maererano nemishumo, apo sangano racho rakaparadzwa, zviremera zvakatora zvinodhaka zvinokosha mabhiriyoni 1,7 epeso (zvinodarika mamiriyoni 2,3 emadhora okuUnited States), kusanganisira makirogiramu 20 ecocaine, makirogiramu anopfuura 180 embanje, uye tushoma ketamine, psychedelics uye ecstasy.
Iyi nzira yakaoma kupfuura kungoviga mishonga mumudziyo muhombe, nokuti inowanzoda munhu akavimbika kune rumwe rutivi kuti anyure uye aunganidze mapakeji epachivande, achidzivisa zviremera zvegungwa.
Nzira inowedzera yakakurumbira inoshandiswa nevatengesi ndeyekuvanza zvinodhaka pasi pedheki, muchikepe kana mumvura isina mvura yakasungirirwa pachikepe.Mapoka ematsotsi anowanzo kuhaya vanhu vakasiyana-siyana kuti vafambise basa rakadaro.
Muna 2019, InSight Mhosva yakagovana mashandisirwo ari kuramba achiitwa mahull kusimudzira kutengesa zvinodhaka, kunyanya vatengesi vanoshandisa ngarava dzinoburuka kubva kuEcuador nePeru kutengeswa.Boka rematsotsi rakaziva nzira yekutakura zvinodhaka muchikepe chengarava, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo zvisave nyore kuonekwa pachishandiswa nzira dzekuongorora.
Zvisinei, vakuru vakuru vanga vachirwisana nekuedza uku kwemanomano.Muna 2018, mauto eChilean Navy akatsanangura kuti zviremera zvakasunga sei nhengo dzechikwata chaipinza zvinodhaka muchikepe kubva kuColombia kuenda kunyika.Pashure pokumira muColombia, pashure pokunge ngarava yakanga yaburuka ichibva kuTaiwan yasvika pachiteshi chengarava cheChile cheSan Antonio, zviremera zvakatora makirogiramu anopfuura 350 embanje “inotyisa”.Pachiteshi chezvikepe, apo mapurisa emugungwa akaedza kuendesa mapakiti manomwe ezvinodhaka kubva muchikepe kuchikepe chehove chaityairwa nezvizvarwa zviviri zveChile, akabata vatyairi vatatu veColombia.
Muna Mbudzi gore rapfuura, “Nhau dzeTV” dzakabvunzurudza mutyairi wengarava muLazaro Cardenas, Michoacán, Mexico.Vati nzira iyi inoisa vakuru munjodzi uye kuti vakafundira dhishi mune dzimwe nguva Vanotsvaka zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo mumvura yakazara makarwe.
Kunyange zvazvo tingave tajaira kuona zvinodhaka zvakavigwa mumatangi emafuta emotokari, vatengesi vezvikepe zvisiri pamutemo vakatevedzera zano iri.
Muna Kubvumbi gore rapfuura, Mutariri weTrinidad neTobago akashuma kuti murindiri wemhenderekedzo yegungwa wenyika yechitsuwa akabata sei ngarava yakanga yakatakura cocaine inokosha madhora mamiriyoni 160.Zvinyorwa zvakashumwa munhau zvakaratidza kuti vakuru vakuru vakawana makirogiramu mazana mana emishonga mutangi remafuta engarava, vachiwedzera kuti vaifanira “kutsvagisa zvinokuvadza” kuti vasvike kune cocaine nekuti chakavanzika chakavharirwa mumudziyo usina mhepo.Muzvinhu zvisingapindi mvura.
Sekureva kwaDiario Libre, pamwero diki, kutanga kwa2015, zviremera zveDominican Republic zvakatora mapaketi angangoita makumi masere ecocaine mungarava dzaienda kuPuerto Rico.Mishonga iyi yakawanikwa yakapararira mumabhakiti matanhatu muchikamu chetangi yemafuta echikepe.
Iyi nzira iri kure neyo inonyanya kushandiswa nevashambadziri vegungwa, uye kuoma kwayo kunosiyana kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu nemamiriro ezvinhu.Nekudaro, nekugona kurongedza zvese kubva kumabhakiti azere nemushonga kusvika kumapakeji asiri pamutemo akaputirwa nezvinhu zvisingapindike, matangi emafuta ezvikepe haafanire kudzikiswa senzvimbo dzakavanzwa.
Iyo inonzi "torpedo method" inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevatengesi.Mapoka ematsotsi ave achizadza pombi dzenguva pfupi (dzinozivikanwawo se“torpedos”) nezvinodhaka uye kushandisa tambo kusungirira midziyo yakadaro pasi pechipfuva, saka kana zviremera zvikaswedera pedyo, zvinogona kugura zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo mumakungwa makuru.
Muna 2018, mapurisa eColombia akawana makirogiramu makumi mana ecocaine mune yakavharwa torpedo yakasungirirwa mungarava yaienda kuNetherlands.Mapurisa akarondedzera zvakadzama kuburitswa kwekutora uku, achitsanangura mashandisiro aiita vanhu vakasiyana-siyana nzira yemvura yechikepe kubata midziyo yakadaro pamberi pekufamba kwemazuva makumi maviri.
Makore maviri apfuura, InSight Crime yakashuma kuti nzira iyi yakagamuchirwa sei nevashambadzi veColombia.
Muna 2015, vakuru venyika iyi vakasunga vanhu gumi nevana vaipomerwa mhosva yekupinza zvinodhaka muzvikwata zvematsotsi zvaive nemishonga mumasirinda esimbi pachipfuva chengarava.Sekureva kwaEl Gerardo, kuitira kuti kufambisa basa kwesangano kufambiswe, vatorwa zvisiri pamutemo (mumwe wavo anonzi ari kusangana neNavy) akavhara chigadziko kune chitsigiro chechikepe.Vezvenhau vakawedzera kuti magasi egasi akagadzirwa nenyanzvi yekugadzira simbi iyo yakavharawo nefiberglass.
Zvisinei, torpedo yakanga isina kungosungirirwa kune ngarava inofamba kubva kuColombia.Pakare muna 2011, InSight Crime yakashuma kuti mapurisa ePeruvia akawana sei zvinopfuura 100 kilograms yecocaine mune torpedo yenguva pfupi yakanamatirwa pasi pechikepe pachiteshi cheLima.
Nzira ye torpedoes yakaoma uye inowanzoda kupindira kwevashandi, kubva kune vakasiyana vakadzidziswa kusvika kune vashandi vesimbi vanogadzira midziyo.Nekudaro, tekinoroji iyi yakawedzera kufarirwa pakati pevatengesi, vanotarisira kudzikisa njodzi yekubatanidzwa mune zvisiri pamutemo zvinhu pamakungwa makuru.
Mishonga inowanzovanzwa mumakamuri akaganhurirwa kune vamwe vashandi.Muchiitiko ichi, avo vane ruzivo rwemukati vanowanzobatanidzwa.
Muna 2014, mapurisa eEcuadorian akabata anopfuura makirogiramu makumi maviri ecocaine muchikepe chaisvika pachiteshi cheManta munyika kubva kuSingapore.Maererano nemadhipatimendi akakodzera, mishonga yacho yakawanikwa muimba yeinjini yechikepe uye yakakamurwa kuva mapakeji maviri: sutukesi uye jute chivharo.
Maererano naEl Gerardo, makore matatu gare gare, zviremera zvinonzi zvakawana anoda kusvika makirogiramu 90 ecocaine mukamba yengarava yakamira muPalermo, Colombia.Maererano nemishumo yenhau, mutoro uyu unozoyerera uchienda kuBrazil.Asi ngarava isati yadzika, muromo wakatungamirira zviremera kutsvaga mishonga mune imwe yenzvimbo dzinorambidzwa zvakanyanya mungarava.
Anenge makore makumi maviri apfuura, anopfuura makirogiramu makumi maviri nematanhatu ecocaine neheroin akawanikwa mukamba yengarava yeColombian Navy yekudzidzira.Panguva iyoyo, vezvenhau vakashuma kuti mishonga iyi inogona kunge yakabatana nesangano rekuzvidzivirira muCúcuta.
Kunyange zvazvo imba iyi yakavharirwa yave ichishandiswa kuvanza mishonga mishoma, iri kure nenzvimbo yakakurumbira yekubiridzira, kunyanya kana pasina imwe nzira yemukati.
Sezvatinoziva tose, mune imwe nzira yekusika, vatengesi vanovanza zvinodhaka pasi pemotokari dzegungwa.
Musi waZvita 8 gore rapfuura, US Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) yakagovana nzira iyo mapurisa akatsauka muPort yeSan Juan, Puerto Rico, akawana ingangoita makirogiramu makumi mana ecocaine mumambure maviri emugungwa pasi pechifambiso chemugungwa, chakakosha madhora miriyoni imwe.
Roberto Vaquero, mutevedzeri wemukuru wezvekufambiswa kwemabasa emumunda wePuerto Rico neUS Virgin Islands kuchengetedzeka kwemuganho, akati vatengesi vanga vachishandisa "nzira dzekugadzira kuviga zvinodhaka zvavo zvisiri pamutemo mumaketani epasi rose."
Kunyange zvazvo nzira isinganyanyi kushumwa yekutamisa zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo inoitwa pachishandiswa chifambiso chengarava, iyi ingangove imwe yenzira itsva.
Imba yekuchengetera maseiri muchikepe haichakoni kune vanhu vazhinji, asi vatengesi vakawana nzira yekuishandisa.
Kare, ngarava dzekudzidzira ngarava dzaishandisa nzvimbo yaiganhurirwa kuti ive nzvimbo inotakurwa yezvinodhaka.Mukati merwendo rwokuyambuka Atlantic, dzimba dzokuchengetera dzakakura dzakakura dzakashandiswa kuviga zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo.
El País yakashuma kuti muna August 2014, chikepe chekudzidzisa cheSpain Navy chakadzokera kumba mushure mekufamba kwemwedzi mitanhatu.Zviremera zvakatora 127 kg yecocaine kubva mukamuri yekuchengetera maichengeterwa maseiri ekupeta.Maererano nevezvenhau, vanhu vashoma vanogona kupinda munzvimbo iyi.
Mukati merwendo, ngarava yakanga yamira muCartagena, Colombia, ichibva yamira muNew York.El País yakati vatatu vevashandi vayo vakapomerwa kutengesa zvinodhaka kune vatengesi mudunhu reUS.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya haawanzoitiki uye kazhinji anotsamira pakubatanidzwa kwakananga kwevakuru vakuru vane huori kana kuti mauto pachawo.
Vatengesi vave kushandisa mambure anodzivirira umhutu anonamirwa mungarava kuti zvivanakire, zvikurukuru nokuunza zvinodhaka mungarava.
Muna Chikumi 2019, mishumo yenhau yakaratidza kuti vatengesi vakapinza sei matani anopfuura 16.5 ecocaine mungarava dzinotakura zvinhu mushure mekushungurudzika kwezvinodhaka mabhiriyoni emadhora muPhiladelphia, United States.Sekureva kwenyaya, mumwe wechipiri wengarava iyi akaudza vaongorori kuti akaona mambure pedyo nekireni yengarava, iyo yaive nemabhegi aive nemabhegi ecocaine, uye akabvuma kuti iye nevamwe vanhu vana vaive vasimudza mabhegi mungarava ndokuatora mushure mekuiswa mumudziyo. , akasungwa.Kaputeni ane chokwadi chekuti achabhadhara mari inoita zviuru makumi mashanu zvemadhora ekuAmerica.
Iyi nzira yakashandiswa kusimudzira yakakurumbira "gancho ciego" kana "rip-on, rip-off" tekinoroji.
Isu tinokurudzira vaverengi kukopa uye kugovera basa redu kune zvisiri zvekutengesa, uye kuratidza InSight Mhosva muzvinyorwa, uye batanidza kune yekutanga zvirimo kumusoro uye kuzasi kwechinyorwa.Ndokumbira ushanyire webhusaiti yeCreative Commons kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwekugovera basa redu, kana uri kushandisa zvinyorwa, tapota titumire email.
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Kuburikidza nenhamba dzinoverengeka dzeongororo dzakadzama dzemumunda, vaongorori vedu vakaongorora uye vakaronga mapoka makuru ehupfumi nematsotsi ari kunze kwemutemo muzvikamu makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe zvemuganhu munyika nhanhatu dzezvidzidzo (Guatemala, Honduras, nekona yekuchamhembe kweEl Salvador).
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Isu tinopinda mumunda kuti tiite kubvunzurudza, mishumo uye kuferefeta.Zvadaro, tinoona, kunyora, nekugadzirisa kuti tipe maturusi ane simba chairo.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-02-2021