Ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachita masewera obisala mwanzeru ndi alonda a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso anthu ena oteteza panyanja.Kapitawo wankhondo waku Mexico Ruben Navarrete, wokhala kumadzulo kwa Michoacán, adauza TV News Novembala watha kuti iwo omwe amagwira ntchito zapamadzi amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi chinthu chimodzi: malingaliro awo..Mndandanda waposachedwa wa kugwidwa unatsimikizira mfundo yake, chifukwa ochita malonda akukula kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi malo obisika pamwamba ndi pansi pa sitimayo."InSight Crime" imayang'ana njira zodziwika bwino komanso zopangira zobisala pazombo pazaka zambiri, komanso momwe njira iyi ikupitirizira kusinthika.
Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amasungidwa m'chipinda chofanana ndi nangula, ndipo anthu ochepa amatha kulowa.Mu 2019, malipoti atolankhani adafotokoza momwe pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 15 a cocaine adabisidwa ku Caldera ku Puerto Rico ku Dominican Republic ndikubisidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo sitimayo.
Kupanda kutero, chombocho chikafika pofika, anangula agwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athandizire kutumiza mankhwala.Mu 2017, akuluakulu aku Spain adalengeza kuti oposa tani imodzi ya cocaine adagwidwa panyanja kuchokera m'sitima ya mbendera yaku Venezuela.Unduna wa Zam'kati ku United States udafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe apolisi adawonera mapaketi pafupifupi 40 okayikitsa m'sitimayo, omwe adalumikizidwa ndi zingwe ndikukhazikika ku anangula awiri.
Malinga ndi malipoti, izi zachitika kuti ogwira ntchitowa athe kuponya katundu wosaloledwa m’nyanja m’kanthawi kochepa kuti asapezeke.Akuluakulu a boma anaona kuti awiri mwa anthu ogwira ntchito m’sitimayo anakwanitsa kuchita zimenezi asanakumane ndi ena anayi omwe anali m’sitimayo.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa anangula pozembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumazikidwa pa pragmatism ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kumakopa ozembetsa amene amalinganiza kuzembetsa zoyendera zapanyanja.
Imodzi mwa njira zofala kwambiri zimene ozembetsa amayesa kukazembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kutsidya la nyanja ndi kubisa zinthu zosaloledwa m’zinthu zimene nthaŵi zambiri zimakhala m’malo onyamula katundu kapena m’sitima yaikulu.Cocaine nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa ku nyanja ya Atlantic pogwiritsa ntchito luso la "gancho ciego" kapena "tearing tear", kutanthauza kuti ozembetsa mankhwala nthawi zambiri amayesa kubisa mankhwalawa m'mitsuko yomwe yayang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu a kasitomu.
Monga momwe InSight Crime inanenera chaka chatha, pankhaniyi, kunyamula zitsulo zakale kwadzetsa mavuto aakulu kwa akuluakulu a boma, chifukwa pamene scanner yabisidwa m’zinyalala zochuluka, sikaniyo sikhoza kuchotsa mankhwala ochepa.Momwemonso, akuluakulu a boma adawona kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kutumiza agalu omwe amawombera kuti azindikire mankhwala omwe ali nawo, chifukwa nyamazo zikhoza kuvulala pamene zikugwira ntchito.
Kupanda kutero, zinthu zoletsedwa nthawi zambiri zimazembetsedwa muzakudya.Mwezi wa October watha, a Spanish National Guard adalengeza kuti adagwira cocaine wopitilira tani imodzi panyanja zazikulu.Malinga ndi malipoti, akuluakulu adapeza mankhwalawa pakati pa matumba a chimanga m'sitima yochokera ku Brazil kupita ku chigawo cha Spain cha Cadiz.
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, akuluakulu aku Italy adapeza pafupifupi matani 1.3 a cocaine m'chidebe chokhala ndi nthochi, chomwe chidachokera ku South America.Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chatha, mankhwala osokoneza bongo adagwidwa pa doko la Livorno m'dzikolo, ndipo theka la tani ya mankhwalawo adapezeka atabisika mumtsuko womwe umawoneka ngati khofi wochokera ku Honduras.
Poona mmene teknolojiyi ikugwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri, bungwe la United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) lagwirizana ndi bungwe la World Customs Organization (Customs Organization) kuti likhazikitse pulogalamu yapadziko lonse yoyang'anira ziwiya pofuna kuthana ndi ntchitoyi.
M'mbuyomu, mankhwala ankalandidwa katundu wa mkulu.Zoyeserera zotere sizidziwika ndipo zimafuna katangale kwambiri m'dzina la woyendetsa ndege kapena ogwira ntchito kuti agwire ntchito moyenera.
Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani, chaka chatha, asitikali ankhondo aku Uruguay adalanda ma kilogalamu asanu a cocaine m'chipinda chakutsogolo cha sitima yapamadzi yaku China, yomwe idafika ku Montevideo kuchokera ku Brazil.Subrayado adawulula momwe kaputeniyo adadzudzula kupezeka kwa katundu wosaloledwa.
Kumbali ina, a Ultima Hora adagwira mawu Ofesi ya Attorney General kuti mchaka cha 2018, akuluakulu aku Paraguay adasunga woyendetsa sitimayo atamuimba mlandu wozembetsa mankhwala m'zinthu zake.Malinga ndi malipoti, akuluakulu aboma agwira mankhwala osokoneza bongo olemera ma kilogalamu 150 padoko la Asuncion m’dzikolo, ndipo mankhwalawa atsala pang’ono kutumizidwa ku Ulaya pogwiritsa ntchito dzina la “munthu wotchuka wozembetsa” yemwe akuti amagwira ntchito m’gulu la zigawenga ku Paraguay.
Malo enanso obisalamo ozembetsa omwe akufuna kutumiza katundu wosaloledwa kunja ali pafupi ndi faneli ya sitima inayake.Izi ndizosowa kwambiri, koma zimadziwika kuti zimachitika.
Mafayilo a El Tiempo akusonyeza kuti zaka zoposa 20 zapitazo, mu 1996, akuluakulu a boma anapeza kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine ankabisidwa m’sitima za asilikali a ku Peru.Pambuyo pa kukomoka kotsatizanatsatizana, pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 30 a cocaine adapezeka m'nyumba yomwe ili pafupi ndi ngalande ya sitima yapamadzi yomwe idaima makilomita atatu kuchokera padoko la Lima ku Callao.Patapita masiku angapo, mankhwala ena olemera makilogalamu 25 anapezeka m’nyumba ya sitimayo.
Poganizira za kugwidwa komwe kunanenedwa, malo obisalako sankagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chazovuta za ozembetsa kuyandikira pafupi ndi fanjelo la sitimayo osapezeka, komanso kuvutikira kubisa gulu linalake la zinthu zosaloledwa pano.
Chifukwa cha ntchito zozembetsa pansi pa malo ozembetsa, ozembetsa akhala akubisa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'malo olowera m'mphepete mwa sitimayo.
Mu 2019, InSight Crime inanena kuti gulu lozembetsa anthu ku Colombia lidatumiza cocaine kuchokera ku madoko a Pisco ndi Chimbote, Peru, kupita ku Europe, makamaka polemba ganyu anthu osiyanasiyana kuti aziwotcherera mapaketi amankhwala omata m'malo olowera.Malinga ndi malipoti, sitima iliyonse inkazembetsa ma kilogalamu 600 popanda ogwira ntchito kudziwa.
EFE inanena kuti mu September chaka chimenecho, akuluakulu a boma la Spain anagwira mankhwala osokoneza bongo oposa kilogalamu 50 obisika m’mbali yamadzi ya sitima yamalonda atafika ku Gran Canaria kuchokera ku Brazil.Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani, akuluakulu adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe katundu wina wosaloledwa adapezeka m'malo olowera pansi pa sitimayo.
Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, mu Disembala 2019, apolisi aku Ecuador adawulula momwe osambira adapeza ma kilogalamu opitilira 300 a cocaine obisika m'malo olowera zombo panyanja.Malinga ndi akuluakulu aboma, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine adazembetsa ku Mexico ndi Dominican Republic asanawagwire.
Mankhwala akabisidwa pansi pa sitimayo, ngakhale ngati anthu osambira amafunikira kaŵirikaŵiri kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino, zolowera m’sitimamo zimakhala m’malo amene anthu ambiri amabisalamo.
Achigawenga akhala akukhala pansi pa sitimayo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolowera madzi kubisala mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuwongolera malonda.Ngakhale kuti kubisala kumeneku sikofala kwambiri ngati mmene anthu amakondera akale, gulu lina lochita zinthu zosiyanasiyana lakhala likugwira ntchito limodzi ndi anthu osiyanasiyana kusunga matumba a zinthu zosaloledwa m’mavavu oterowo.
Mu Ogasiti chaka chatha, atolankhani adanenanso za momwe akuluakulu aku Chile adatsekera anthu 15 omwe amawaganizira (kuphatikiza nzika zaku Chile, Peruvia ndi Venezuela) chifukwa chonyamula mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku Peru kupita ku Antofagasta kumpoto kwa dzikolo komanso likulu lake kumadzulo., San Diego.Malinga ndi malipoti, bungweli lakhala likubisa mankhwala osokoneza bongo polowera m'sitima yamalonda ya ku Peru.
Malinga ndi malipoti, malo olowera m'sitimayo agwiritsidwa ntchito, motero sitimayo ikadutsa mumzinda wa Megillons kumpoto kwa Chile, wosambira yemwe amakhala gawo la maukonde oletsedwa amatha kutulutsa phukusi lamankhwala lobisika.Malipoti atolankhani akumaloko adawonetsa kuti wosambirayo adafika pachombocho paboti lomwe lili ndi mota yamagetsi, ndipo mota yamagetsi idapanga phokoso lochepa kwambiri kuti asazindikire.Malinga ndi malipoti, pamene bungweli linathetsedwa, akuluakulu a boma analanda mankhwala okwana 1.7 biliyoni pesos (kuposa madola 2.3 miliyoni a ku United States), kuphatikizapo cocaine wolemera makilogalamu 20, chamba choposa kilogalamu 180, ketamine, psychedelics ndi ecstasy.
Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi kungobisala mankhwala mu chidebe mu chombo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amafuna munthu wodalirika kumbali ina kuti adutse ndikusonkhanitsa mapepala achinsinsi, ndikupewa akuluakulu a panyanja.
Njira yodziwika kwambiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogulitsa ndi kubisa mankhwalawo pansi pa sitimayo, m'sitimayo kapena m'madzi otsekedwa ndi sitimayo.Nthawi zambiri magulu a zigawenga amalemba ntchito anthu osiyanasiyana kuti aziyendetsa ntchitoyi.
Mu 2019, InSight Crime idagawana momwe mabwalo akugwiritsidwira ntchito mochulukira kulimbikitsa kuzembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka ozembetsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zombo zotsika kuchokera ku Ecuador ndi Peru kukagulitsa.Gulu la zigawenga ladziwa momwe anganyamutsire mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'chombo cha sitimayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zoletsedwa zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera.
Komabe, akuluakulu aboma akhala akulimbana ndi kuyesa kwachinyengo kumeneku.Mu 2018, Asitikali ankhondo aku Chile adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe aboma amatsekera mamembala achigawenga omwe amazembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'sitima yapamadzi kuchokera ku Colombia kupita kudzikolo.Ataima padoko ku Colombia, sitima imene inatsika kuchokera ku Taiwan itafika padoko la San Antonio ku Chile, akuluakulu aboma anagwira chamba “cholusa” cholemera makilogalamu 350.Padoko, pamene apolisi apanyanja anayesa kupereka mapaketi asanu ndi aŵiri a mankhwala ogodomalitsa kuchokera m’chombocho ku bwato la usodzi loyendetsedwa ndi nzika za Chile ziŵiri, anagwira osambira atatu a ku Colombia.
Mu November chaka chatha, “TV News” inafunsa munthu wosambira m’madzi ku Lazaro Cardenas, Michoacán, Mexico.Iye wati njira imeneyi imaika akuluakulu pachiopsezo komanso kuti osambira ophunzitsidwa bwino nthawi zina amafufuza zinthu zosaloledwa m’madzi odzaza ng’ona.
Ngakhale kuti tinazoloŵera kwambiri kuona mankhwala obisidwa m’matanki amafuta agalimoto, anthu ozembetsa sitima zapamadzi anatengera njira imeneyi.
Mu April chaka chatha, Guardian ya Trinidad and Tobago inanena za mmene alonda a m’mphepete mwa nyanja a dziko la pachilumbacho anatsekera sitima yonyamula mankhwala otchedwa cocaine okwana madola 160 miliyoni.Magwero omwe adanenedwa pawailesi yakanema adawonetsa kuti akuluakulu adapeza mankhwala okwana ma kilogalamu 400 m'thanki yamafuta m'sitimayo, ndikuwonjezera kuti adachita "kusaka kowononga" kuti afikire cocaineyo chifukwa chobisidwacho chidasindikizidwa mu chidebe chopanda mpweya.Muzinthu zopanda madzi.
Malinga ndi a Diario Libre, ang’onoang’ono, kuyambira m’chaka cha 2015, akuluakulu a boma la Dominican Republic analanda mapaketi pafupifupi 80 a mankhwala osokoneza bongo m’sitima zopita ku Puerto Rico.Mankhwalawa adapezeka atamwazika m'zidebe zisanu ndi chimodzi m'malo osungira mafuta m'sitimayo.
Njira imeneyi ndi yotalikirana ndi njira yomwe anthu ozembetsa panyanja amagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zovuta zake zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.Komabe, ndi kuthekera kokhala ndi chilichonse kuyambira zidebe zodzaza ndi mankhwala kupita kuzinthu zosaloledwa zomwe zidakulungidwa muzinthu zosatha, matanki amafuta m'zombo sayenera kuchepetsedwa ngati malo obisika.
Zomwe zimatchedwa "torpedo method" ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu ozembetsa.Magulu aupandu akhala akudzaza mapaipi akanthawi (omwe amadziwikanso kuti "torpedos") ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe kumangirira zotengera zotere pansi pa chombo, kotero ngati akuluakulu aboma ayandikira kwambiri, amatha kudula katundu wosaloledwa panyanja zazikulu.
Mu 2018, apolisi aku Colombia adapeza ma kilogalamu 40 a cocaine mu torpedo yomata yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi sitima yopita ku Netherlands.Apolisi adanenanso mwatsatanetsatane zomwe adatulutsa, akufotokozera momwe anthu othawa kwawo amagwiritsira ntchito ngalande za sitimayo kuti atseke zotengera zoterezi zisanachitike ulendo wamasiku 20 wodutsa Atlantic.
Zaka ziwiri zapitazo, InSight Crime inanena za momwe njirayi idagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri ndi ogulitsa ku Colombia.
M’chaka cha 2015, akuluakulu a m’dzikolo anamanga anthu 14 omwe ankawaganizira kuti ankazembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m’magulu achifwamba omwe munali mankhwala ozunguza bongo m’masilinda achitsulo pachombo cha sitimayo.Malinga ndi El Gerardo, pofuna kuwongolera ntchito za bungweli, othawa kwawo osaloledwa (m'modzi mwa iwo akunenedwa kuti akumana ndi Navy) adabowola chidebecho kuti chipsepse chokhazikika cha sitimayo.Atolankhani adawonjezeranso kuti masilinda a gasiwo adapangidwa ndi katswiri wokonza zitsulo yemwe adawaphimbanso ndi fiberglass.
Komabe, torpedo sinangomangiriridwa ku sitima yochokera ku Colombia.Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2011, InSight Crime inanena momwe apolisi a ku Peru adapeza oposa 100 kilogalamu ya cocaine mu torpedo yosakhalitsa yomwe ili pansi pa ngalawa pa doko la Lima.
Njira ya torpedoes ndi yovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri imafuna kulowererapo kwa akatswiri, kuchokera kwa anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino mpaka ogwira ntchito zachitsulo omwe amapanga zitsulo.Komabe, teknolojiyi yakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogulitsa malonda, omwe akuyembekeza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga nawo mbali muzinthu zosaloledwa panyanja zazikulu.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amabisika m'zipinda zokhala ndi antchito enieni.Pamenepa, anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chamkati nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa.
Mu 2014, apolisi aku Ecuador adagwira cocaine wopitilira ma kilogalamu 20 m'sitima yomwe idafika padoko la Manta mdzikolo kuchokera ku Singapore.Malinga ndi madipatimenti oyenera, mankhwalawa adapezeka m'chipinda cha injini ya sitimayo ndipo adagawidwa m'mapaketi awiri: sutikesi ndi chivundikiro cha jute.
Malinga ndi zimene El Gerardo ananena, patapita zaka zitatu, akuti akuluakulu a boma anapeza pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 90 a mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine m’nyumba ya sitima yomwe inaima ku Palermo, ku Colombia.Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani, katunduyu pamapeto pake apita ku Brazil.Koma sitimayo isanatsike, nsongayo inatsogolera akuluakulu a boma kuti akapeze mankhwala m’malo ena oletsedwa kwambiri m’sitimayo.
Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, ma kilogalamu opitilira 26 a cocaine ndi heroin adapezeka mu kanyumba ka sitima yophunzitsira ya Navy yaku Colombia.Panthawiyo, atolankhani adanenanso kuti mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala okhudzana ndi bungwe lodziteteza ku Cúcuta.
Ngakhale chipinda chotsekeredwachi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pobisala mankhwala ocheperako, ndi kutali ndi malo otchuka ozembetsa, makamaka pakalibe mtundu wina wamkati.
Monga tonse tikudziwira, pochita chidwi kwambiri, ogulitsa amabisa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pansi pa magalimoto apanyanja.
Pa Disembala 8th chaka chatha, US Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) idagawana momwe apolisi osambira mu Port of San Juan, Puerto Rico, adapeza pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 40 a cocaine muukonde awiri wapamadzi pansi pa choyendetsa chamadzi, chamtengo pafupifupi $ 1 miliyoni.
Roberto Vaquero, wothandizira wamkulu woyang'anira chitetezo cha m'malire a Puerto Rico ndi US Virgin Islands, adati ozembetsa akhala akugwiritsa ntchito "njira zaluso kwambiri kuti abise mankhwala awo osaloledwa m'makampani ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi."
Ngakhale kuti njira ya anthu ozembetsa zinthu zosadziwika bwino kwambiri yotumizira katundu woletsedwa imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chopalasira cha sitimayo, mwina iyi ndi imodzi mwazatsopano kwambiri.
Chipinda chosungiramo matanga pachombocho sichikupezeka kwa anthu ambiri, koma ochita malonda apeza njira yopezerapo mwayi.
M'mbuyomu, zombo zophunzitsira zapamadzi zimagwiritsa ntchito malo ocheperako kukhala malo oyendera mankhwala osokoneza bongo.Paulendo wodutsa panyanja ya Atlantic, zipinda zosungiramo zinthu zazikulu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa katundu wosaloledwa.
El País inanena kuti mu August 2014, sitima yapamadzi yophunzitsa asilikali a ku Spain inabwerera kwawo pambuyo pa ulendo wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.Akuluakulu adagwira 127 kg ya cocaine m'chipinda chosungiramo momwe matanga opindika amasungidwa.Malinga ndi zoulutsira nkhani, anthu ochepa angalowe m’malo amenewa.
Paulendowu, sitimayo inaima ku Cartagena, Colombia, ndipo inaima ku New York.El País inanena kuti atatu mwa ogwira nawo ntchito akuimbidwa mlandu wogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa ogulitsa m'boma la US.
Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadalira kukhudzidwa mwachindunji kwa akuluakulu achinyengo kapena magulu ankhondo omwe.
Ozembetsa akhala akugwiritsa ntchito maukonde oteteza udzudzu omwe amamangiriridwa m'sitima kuti apindule, makamaka pobweretsa mankhwala.
Mu June 2019, malipoti atolankhani adawonetsa momwe ozembetsa adazembetsa matani opitilira 16.5 a cocaine m'sitima zonyamula katundu pambuyo pa vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo la mabiliyoni ambiri ku Philadelphia, United States.Malinga ndi malipoti, mnzake wachiwiri wa sitimayo adauza ochita kafukufuku kuti adawona maukonde pafupi ndi crane ya sitimayo, yomwe munali matumba omwe munali matumba a cocaine, ndipo adavomera kuti iye ndi anthu ena anayi adakweza matumbawo m'sitimayo ndikuwanyamula atawakweza mu kontena. , anamangidwa.Woyendetsa ndegeyo akutsimikiziridwa kuti azilipira ndalama zokwana madola 50,000 aku US.
Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa luso lodziwika bwino la "gancho ciego" kapena "rip-on, rip-off".
Timalimbikitsa owerenga kukopera ndi kugawa ntchito yathu pazifukwa zosachita malonda, ndikuwonetsa InSight Crime m'mawu ake, ndikulumikizana ndi zomwe zili pamwamba ndi pansi pankhaniyi.Chonde pitani patsamba la Creative Commons kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungagawire ntchito yathu, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zolemba, chonde titumizireni imelo.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-02-2021